What is Critical Thinking/到底什么是所谓批判性思维

来源：学生作业帮助网编辑：作业帮时间：2024/04/28 06:28:02

What is Critical Thinking/到底什么是所谓批判性思维
What is Critical Thinking/到底什么是所谓批判性思维

What is Critical Thinking/到底什么是所谓批判性思维
我知道（fully aware）一上来就讲如此虚无缥缈的概念常常会丢掉观众.冒险是因为这个概念很重要,在美国教育理念当中处在一个中心位置.可能在研究生以上并不太讲到这个概念,因为master/PhD program的同仁,包括导师会认定大家已经在本科阶段掌握到了其精髓.当然这种假设（assumption）直接苦了纯大陆背景完全不晓得 Critical Thinking是什么鬼东西的同胞们.对中国教育制度比较了解的人/以前留学生现在做导师的也许会在繁忙的工作之余抽出时间帮助中国学生,但是这需要的耐性和commitment都不小,怕麻烦的常常也就算了.
Critical Thinking常常被翻译成批判性思维.这翻译大致对路（比霸王别姬给译成再见我的小老婆好多了）,可是这两个单词背后的文化背景,却并不在中国教育体系当中有合适的对应.
我Spring 2010上现在advisor的课,第一次考试还算比较好,第二次就只是全班中游那个水平.他问我这漏子出在哪儿,我就开始发扬怨天怨地绝对不是我的错这种伟大的推脱精神,说Chinese education system啊,我们不晓得critical thinking是什么鬼啊,我们自小到大都是说一是一说二是二搞出正确答案就完了,老师想的说的就是权威嘛.你看你出题的时候,就那么一两句话,连个framework都不给,你叫我怎么答.（跟高中历史政治书不同,我们课本可没有个地方讲了他考的这道题,还有一二三等着搬到考卷上的）
我老师这么见多识广的人居然都愣了大概十秒钟,才慢悠悠地说,你问的这事情不好搞,这是个思维/文化问题,得一步步培养起来.你现在才大一,还根本没有到完全用Critical Thinking来学习的层次,而仍然需要应付大量技艺/记忆性内容.但是既然你诚心诚意的问了,我也就试着给你解释下Critical Thinking是怎么培养出来的,又要如何速成.
请注意,不是判断一个对错就完了,而是给出你自己的论点,论据以及论证.他/她错了因为他/她引用的某个资料建立于如下如下条件,而该条件不符合我们讨论的情形；他/她错了因为这是个极端情况,在现实生活中不会发生等等.再者,请把老师认为是探讨的同仁,而不是掌握了正确答案高高在上的权威.也许我懂得的事情看过的书多一点,但是在讨论问题这个层次上,我同你们大家是平等的,我提出的东西你们如若能反驳也一定要反驳,同样你们的论点我也会故意反着说,看你能不能短时间内提供对自己观点有效的支持.
批判性思维建立于的理念,是1）There is no absolute “right” answer to this question,only optimum solution under current situation.2) Everyone who is involved in this discussion is equal; the winner of the discussion get chosen not because of his/her status,but because of his/her way of proving that he/she is right in current circumstance.
从上述两点当中,可以看到美国教育重视参与,重视课堂讨论,重视举证争论的特色.教育理念来源于社会并且高于社会（因为教育承担了替一个文化培养接班人,试图改良/改造社会的任务）,而critical thinking也发源于美国所依赖的理念,就是流传甚广的美国梦,并至少试图在课堂上建立一个人人平等,以讨论为中心的理想条件.值得指出的是,这样的教育理念不是美国人原创,而是自苏格拉底起,整个西方文明所建立的基础之一.与之相应,如此的理念也同样表达了教育界希望改良社会,希望下一代能够在美国这样高度发达的资本主义社会当中保有独立思考的能力,不人云亦云的盼望.
同样重要的,还有这个理念中重视逻辑推理,讲究实物证据的文化传统.为什么中医在美国等西方国家迟迟得不到推广,根本就在于一般西方人难以理解东方文化中虚虚实实的神秘/含蓄主义.我本人并不完全认同西方的逻辑思维/所谓的科学精神,并且进一步认为由于美国人普遍讲究要照顾他人的感情,很多时候隐瞒关键信息折腾人,是非常痛苦的一件事情.然而在美国文化当中如果要游刃有余,第一关必须要了解这一点.在日常写作和谈话中,尽量把自己要什么先说出来,然后论证为什么对方要把这东西给你.只要逻辑强大到对方都觉得该把这东西给你了,事情也就办成了.

what is critical thinking?那么批判性思维是什么？ What is Critical Thinking/到底什么是所谓批判性思维翻译 what day is it today what day was yeaterday what time did you come to school thi what is critical reading reflection?explain it to me in Chinese.Thanks. critical Thi is my pen--What about什么?A:you;B:your;C:yours我要确切的答案,并说明理由.如题 .Tomorrow is my sisterr’s birthday.But I can’t __C___ what to buy for her.A.think hard B.thi我选择的是否正确 __________ your role is,knowing who you are and what you are good at is critical for success：__________ your role is,knowing who you are and what you are good at is critical for success.1.Whatever 2.However 3.Whoever 4.Whomever 要说明为什么请帮忙分析英语句子成分,或帮忙翻译.Most imitators begin by noticing and replicating what critical traditions have said is distinctive about their originals.主要是what后面既有“have said”,又有“is distinctive.”两个动 bin,thi,empty,is怎么组成一个句子请问这句该怎么翻译?listening effectively is critical 英语翻译if generator is powering non-critical and critical loads and cannot be shut down ,use the following: 英语翻译* How fast does the process occur or machine operate?* Are there “time critical” operations?* In what time frame must the fastest action occur?* Is speed or position being measured?* Does the programmable controller need to count puls sat填空实在不懂啊各位大侠们谁可以翻译解释一下啊There is noting (A) or provisional about Moore’s early critical pronouncement; she deals ( ) with what were then radical new developments in poetry.A. tentative, confidentlyB. In an one-tail hypothesis test where you reject H0 only in the upper tail,what is the critical value of the t-test statistic with 10 degrees of freedom at the 0.01 level of significance? What you do for a living is critical to where you settle and how you live___and___is also true.用这些单词的的正确时态填空：averse diverse obverse reverse inverse onverse adverse. a critical spirit is what a reader should possess to get the most out of anything he reads 这句话怎么翻译?结构是什么?什么从句?我完全看不懂啊英语翻译Abstract:Today's economic map of the world is dominated by what are called clusters:critical masses - in one place - of unusual competitive success in particular fields.Clusters are not unique,however; they are highly typical - and therei