whether 和if,作为“是否”的意思,有什么区别吗?有什么特定用法吗?

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whether 和if,作为“是否”的意思,有什么区别吗?有什么特定用法吗?

whether 和if,作为“是否”的意思,有什么区别吗?有什么特定用法吗?
whether 和if,作为“是否”的意思,有什么区别吗?有什么特定用法吗?

whether 和if,作为“是否”的意思,有什么区别吗?有什么特定用法吗?
whether和if都可以引导宾语从句,表示"是否",在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用.如:
I wonder if / whether I can get some advice from you.
Ask him whether / if he can come.
但在有些情况下,whether和if的用法有一定区别.
1.whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用,而if一般不能.如:
正:Let me know whether you can come or not.
误:Let me know if you can come or not.
2.当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用whether引导,而不能用if.如:
正:Whether it is true or not,I can't tell.
误:If it is true or not,I can't tell.
3.whether可以引导带to的不定式,if则不能.如:
正:I don't know whether to accept or refuse.
误:I don't know if to accept or refuse.
4.whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后,作介词的宾语,但if不能.如:
正:I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
误:I worry about if I hurt her feelings.
5.whether可以引导从句,作主语、表语或同位语,而if不能.如:
正:It was uncertain whether he would come.
误:It was uncertain if he would come.
正:His first question was whether Tom had arrived yet.
误:His first question was if Tom had arrived yet.
正:We must consider the question whether we will take these measures.
误:We must consider the question if we will take these measures.

表示“是否”的时候,whether比if万能多了,能用if的全都能用whether
if 1. 不能引导在句首的主语从句
2. 不能与or not连用
3. 不能引导介词后的宾语从句

whether 后面可以接不定式的从句 if不能
1. whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用,而if一般不能。如:
正: Let me know whether you can come or not.   
误: Let me know if you can come or not.   
2. 当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用wheth...

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whether 后面可以接不定式的从句 if不能
1. whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用,而if一般不能。如:
正: Let me know whether you can come or not.   
误: Let me know if you can come or not.   
2. 当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用whether引导,而不能用if。如:   
正: Whether it is true or not, I can’t tell.   
误: If it is true or not, I can’t tell.   
3. whether可以引导带to的不定式,if则不能。如:   
正: I don’t know whether to accept or refuse.   
误: I don’t know if to accept or refuse.   
4. whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后,作介词的宾语,但if不能。如:   
正: I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.   
误: I worry about if I hurt her feelings.   
5. whether可以引导从句,作主语、表语或同位语,而if不能。如:   
正: It was uncertain whether he would come.   
误: It was uncertain if he would come.   
正: His first question was whether Tom had arrived yet.   
误: His first question was if Tom had arrived yet.   
正: We must consider the question whether we will take these measures.  
误: We must consider the question if we will take these measures‘

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用whether 没有错误,因为:
1、引导宾语从句
在引导宾语从句时,whether 和if 通可以互换,在ask,care,doub,know,learn,msee,tell,try,wonder等动词之后尤其如此。例如:
I don’t know if/whether I can help you.
但是,必须注意以下几点:
 1)如果从句是否...

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用whether 没有错误,因为:
1、引导宾语从句
在引导宾语从句时,whether 和if 通可以互换,在ask,care,doub,know,learn,msee,tell,try,wonder等动词之后尤其如此。例如:
I don’t know if/whether I can help you.
但是,必须注意以下几点:
 1)如果从句是否定结构,则用if不用whether.例如:
 Well,think,and see if the most religious people aren’t those who fell that this life doesn’t gice them all they want.好,你想,那最虔诚的宗教徒,是不是就是那此觉得这现实的人生没有完全满足自己欲望的人?
2)宾语从句前置时只能用whether,如:
Whether he lives there,I want to know.
  3)在decide,dicuss等动词后,通常只跟whether引导的宾语从句。如:
They dicussed whether they should close the shop.他们痔疮了是不是该关掉商店。
4)出现在介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether引导,如:
The teacher worried about whether he had hurt the girl’s feelings.老师担心他是否伤害了女孩的感情。
  5)句中含有引导条件状语从句的if 时,用whether 不用if,如:
Bill asked whether ,if I got the job,I’d move to York.比尔问如果我得到这份工作是否还要迁到约克。
  6)在现代英语中似乎有一种趋势,即说话人期望得到或估计会得到肯定答复时常用if ,而在对答复时的肯定与否定没把握或不在意时则用whether.例如:
He asked me if he could come.他问我他可不可以来。(暗示he想来)
He asked me whether he should come (or not ).他问我他是否该来。(暗示他对来不来都无所谓)
 
2.引导主语从句
主语从句位于句首时,用whether 不用if ,本文开关的高考题即属此种情况。再如:
Whether they win or lose is all the same to me.
3.引导表语从句
引导表语从句时,一般用whether.例如:
The question is whether they can cooperate with us.问题是他们能否与我们合作。
4.引导宾语从句
引导同位语从句时一般用whether.例如:
The question whether he should come himself or send a substitute must be decided upon,他该亲自来还是派人替他来,这个问题必须定下来。 
5.引导让步状语从句
1)引导让步状语地,一般用whether.例如:
Whether the weather is good or bad ,they will set off as they planned.无论天气是好是坏,他们都将按计划启程。
2)whether还可与分词、介词短语构成短语,在句中作让不状语,此时不可用if 来替代whether::
Whether waking or sleeping ,he breathes noisily.他不管是醒着还是睡着了,都是呼呼作声。
6.与不定式连用
在不定式之前用whether,如:
We were wondering whether to go today or tomorrow .
7.与or ,or not 连用
  1)whether 侧彼一时“选择”、“怀疑”,所以一些语法家认为只有whether 才可以和or ,or not ,or no连用,构成whether…or,whether…or not等结构,而if则不能用于这些结构。例如:
I don’t know whether I should go away or stay here.

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两者都可以以引导宾语从句,但是whether用的范围大得多,比如状语从句,主语从句都可以作

当宾语从句为一般疑问句时常用连词:if 和whether,来引导从句。但含有or not时只能用whether