英语从句能说一下关于英语表语从句和定语从句的区别吗,最好来一些例子

英语从句能说一下关于英语表语从句和定语从句的区别吗,最好来一些例子
英语从句
能说一下关于英语表语从句和定语从句的区别吗,最好来一些例子

英语从句能说一下关于英语表语从句和定语从句的区别吗,最好来一些例子
从句是相对于主句而言的,即它是从属于某一个主句,而不能单独作一个句子.在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等).
主语从句用作主语,如::
That the earth is round is true.地球为圆的是真实的.
宾语从句用作宾语.如:
Do you know where he lives?
表语从句用作表语,如:
My opinion is that you should not go alone.我的意见是你不应单独前往.
同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词.如:
The fact that the earth is round is true.地球是圆的的事实是真实的.(that从句用于解释说明the fact)
定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词.如:
The student who answered the question was John.回答问题的学生是John.
状语从句相当于一个副词,如:
When it rains,I usually go to school by bus.天下雨时,我通常坐公共汽车上学.(时间状语)
If he comes tomorrow,you will see him.如果他明天来,你就可以看见他.(if 引导的条件状语从句,其结构为:if +状语从句,+主句).要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”,即主句是将来时,则从句要用一般现在时表示将来.
主句和从句的划分方法是相同的.句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易.谓语动词前面的部分是主语,后面常接宾语,修饰谓语动词的是状语,修饰主语、宾语的是定语,若谓语是系动词,则系动词后的部分是表语.如:
I am a teacher.其中,I 是主语,am是谓语,a teacher 是表语.
He likes playing football very mucy.其中,he是主语,likes是谓语,playing football是宾语,very much是状语.

名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,
它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
定语从句
定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分...

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名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,
它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
定语从句
定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there
be句型
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词按其在从句中所起的作用分为：
1）连接代词：who(-ever),
what(-ever), which(-ever), whom(-ever), whose
2）连接副词：when, where, why, how
3）连接词：that, whether, if
连接代词和连接副词在从句中充当一定的句子成分，而连接词在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。
1．主语从句
在主句中充当主语的从句叫主语从句，它位于主句的谓语动词之前。但实际使用中常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句移到主句之后。例如：
Who will go makes no difference.
It makes no difference who will go.
That she was able to come made us very happy.
It made us happy that she
was able to come.
注意：由what, whoever, whatever, whichever引导的主语从句一般不后置。
2．表语从句
位于主句中系动词之后，在主句中充当表语的从句叫表语从句。例如：
One advantage of living in
the country is that one can get close to nature.
His mother was ill and he
had to look after her. That was why he was late.
表语从句常见于be动词之后，有时见于look之后；引导表语从句的连接词除前面所列的常用词之外，还可由because, as
if/though引出。例如：
He was late. That was because he had to look after his sick
mother.
(=The reason was that he had to look after his sick mother.)
It
looks as if/though it is going to rain.
They looked as if/though they had
been friends for many years.
3．宾语从句
在主句中位于及物动词之后或少数介词之后、充当主句宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句中的that通常可以省略。例如：
I doubt
whether/if he will be against the idea.
She will write a book on how young
mother should raise their babies.
I know nothing about him except that he
lives next door.
当及物动词后跟两个(或两个以上)的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省去，后面从句中的that通常不省去。如：
He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by
heart.
跟在一些表示情感意义的形容词（如afraid, glad, happy, pleased, sorry, anxious,
worried, surprised, disappointed等）或确信意义的形容词（如certain, sure
等）后的从句通常也被当作宾语从句对待，其中that也可以省略。例如：
I’m not sure whether/if I can pass the
exam successfully.
如果主句的谓语是make, find, feel, believe, think, suppose,
consider, see
to等常带有宾语补足语的动词，则通常在这些词后用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后，其结构通常是“动词+it+宾补+宾语从句”。例如：
He
thought it a pity that he missed the film.
We find it necessary that we
(should) practise spoken English every day.
4．同位语从句
跟在名词后面、进一步说明该名词的具体内容的从句叫同位语从句。可以带同位语从句的名词主要是一些可加进具体内容的、表示信息、思想等概念的抽象名词，如news,
fact, idea, hope, belief, truth, promise, thought, fear, doubt, possibility,
order, suggestion,
proposal等。同位语从句与其前面的名词是同等关系，引导同位语从句最常用的是that，that在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，一般不能省略。例如：
We are surprised at the fact that the children did it all on their own.
I made a promise that if anyone set me free, I would make him very rich.
They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Germany again.
that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
The suggestion that the students (should) have
plenty of exercise is very good.
The suggestion (that/which) he raised at
the meeting is very good.
对比发现上句中的that只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，
因此它引导的是同位语从句，其中that不能省略；下句中that不仅起引导作用，同时在从句中还充当了动词raised的宾语，因此它是定语从句，此时that可用which代替，又因其在定语从句中充当宾语，故又可省略。
名词性从句的难点把握
1．由whoever/whatever/whichever/whomever引导的名词性从句
这些词引导的名词性从句相当于带有定语从句的名词词组：
whoever=anyone
who…“任何……的人”；whomever是whoever的宾格形式
whatever=anything that… “任何……的物”
whichever=any … that… “任何……的（已知范围内的或上文提到过的）人或物”
它们可以用来引导主语从句，例如：
Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the light.
=Anyone who
leaves the room last ought to turn off the light.
Whatever he had was seized
by the German soldiers.
=Anything that he had was seized by the German
soldiers.
Whichever of you comes in first will receive a prize.
=Any one
of you who comes in first will receive a prize.
这些词还可以用来引导宾语从句，例如：
You
can just say whatever comes to your mind.
=You can just say anything that
comes to your mind.
Take whichever seat you like.
=Take any seat that
you like.
You may choose whoever/whomever you’d like to go with.
=You
may choose anyone who you’d like to go with.
(
注：whoever在主句中作choose的宾语，在从句中又充当go with的宾语，因此可用宾格的whomever来代替 )
She would
like to make friends with whoever shares her interest.
=She would like to
make friends with anyone who shares her interest.
（注：
whoever在主句中作介词with的宾语，但在从句中又充当谓语动词shares的主语，因此不能用whomever代替 ）
关于—ever等词引导让步状语从句的用法可参阅本章第三节“状语从句”。
2．名词性从句中的what和that
what和that的选用一直是学生学习的一个难点，正确选择的关键是看该从句结构是否相对
完整、是否缺少主语、宾语或表语等成分而定。例如：
What he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.
That he said
nothing at the meeting surprised everybody present. The problem is what we
should do to protect the earth.
The fact is that we should do something to
protect the earth.
比较上面两组句子，不难发现，what在句中不仅引导从句，同时它本身在从句还充当了宾
语的作用；没有了what，从句结构就不完整；而that只起引导从句的作用，本身在从句中不充当任何成分，that引导的是一个结构相对完整的陈述句。
3．名词性从句中的whether和if
在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中遇“是否”句用whether引导而不用if；在宾语从句中whether和if常可换用。例如：
Whether
the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. (主语从句，不用if)
The problem is whether we finish the task on time. (表语从句，不用if)
The
problem whether we’ll build another school hasn’t been settled. (同位语从句，不用if)
I wonder whether/if the news is true.（宾语从句，可以换用）
但若有or
not紧跟其后，不宜用if；介词后面的宾语从句也不用if引导。例如：
I wonder whether/if the news is true or
not.（or not 放在句末，可用if）
I wonder whether or not the news is true. （or not
紧跟其后，不用if）
It depends on whether you want to do it or not. （介词后面的宾语从句，不用if）
4．名词性从句中的虚拟语气
表示“坚持、命令、建议或要求”等词义出现时，不管是在哪一种从句中，常用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语动词形式为（should）+
动词原形，其中should可省略。常用词有insist, suggest, order, demand等。例如：
He suggested that a
meeting (should) be held immediately. （宾语从句）
It was suggested that a meeting
(should) be held immediately. （主语从句）
His suggestion was that a meeting
(should) be held immediately. （表语从句）
He made a suggestion that a meeting
(should) be held immediately. （同位语从句）
The doctor ordered that she (should)
stay in bed for a few days. （宾语从句）
It was ordered by the doctor that she
(should) stay in bed for a few days. （主语从句）
The doctor’s order was that she
(should) stay in bed for a few days. （表语从句）
The doctor’s order that she
(should) stay in bed for a few days was reasonable. （同位语从句）
用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。The problem is what we
should do to protect the earth.
The fact is that we should do something to
protect the earth.
比较上面两组句子，不难发现，what在句中不仅引导从句，同时它本身在从句还充当了宾
语的作用；没有了what，从句结构就不完整；而that只起引导从句的作用，本身在从句中不充当任何成分，that引导的是一个结构相对完整的陈述句。
3．名词性从句中的whether和if
在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中遇“是否”句用whether引导而不用if；在宾语从句中whether和if常可换用。例如：
Whether
the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. (主语从句，不用if)
The problem is whether we finish the task on time. (表语从句，不用if)
The
problem whether we’ll build another school hasn’t been settled. (同位语从句，不用if)
I wonder whether/if the news is true.（宾语从句，可以换用）
但若有or
not紧跟其后，不宜用if；介词后面的宾语从句也不用if引导。例如：
I wonder whether/if the news is true or
not.（or not 放在句末，可用if）
I wonder whether or not the news is true. （or not
紧跟其后，不用if）
It depends on whether you want to do it or not. （介词后面的宾语从句，不用if）
4．名词性从句中的虚拟语气
表示“坚持、命令、建议或要求”等词义出现时，不管是在哪一种从句中，常用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语动词形式为（should）+
动词原形，其中should可省略。常用词有insist, suggest, order, demand等。例如：
He suggested that a
meeting (should) be held immediately. （宾语从句）
It was suggested that a meeting
(should) be held immediately. （主语从句）
His suggestion was that a meeting
(should) be held immediately. （表语从句）
He made a suggestion that a meeting
(should) be held immediately. （同位语从句）
The doctor ordered that she (should)
stay in bed for a few days. （宾语从句）
It was ordered by the doctor that she
(should) stay in bed for a few days. （主语从句）
The doctor’s order was that she
(should) stay in bed for a few days. （表语从句）
The doctor’s order that she
(should) stay in bed for a few days was reasonable. （同位语从句）
用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。 The problem is what we
should do to protect the earth.
The fact is that we should do something to
protect the earth.
比较上面两组句子，不难发现，what在句中不仅引导从句，同时它本身在从句还充当了宾
语的作用；没有了what，从句结构就不完整；而that只起引导从句的作用，本身在从句中不充当任何成分，that引导的是一个结构相对完整的陈述句。
3．名词性从句中的whether和if
在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中遇“是否”句用whether引导而不用if；在宾语从句中whether和if常可换用。例如：
Whether
the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. (主语从句，不用if)
The problem is whether we finish the task on time. (表语从句，不用if)
The
problem whether we’ll build another school hasn’t been settled. (同位语从句，不用if)
I wonder whether/if the news is true.（宾语从句，可以换用）
但若有or
not紧跟其后，不宜用if；介词后面的宾语从句也不用if引导。例如：
I wonder whether/if the news is true or
not.（or not 放在句末，可用if）
I wonder whether or not the news is true. （or not
紧跟其后，不用if）
It depends on whether you want to do it or not. （介词后面的宾语从句，不用if）
4．名词性从句中的虚拟语气
表示“坚持、命令、建议或要求”等词义出现时，不管是在哪一种从句中，常用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语动词形式为（should）+
动词原形，其中should可省略。常用词有insist, suggest, order, demand等。例如：
He suggested that a
meeting (should) be held immediately. （宾语从句）
It was suggested that a meeting
(should) be held immediately. （主语从句）
His suggestion was that a meeting
(should) be held immediately. （表语从句）
He made a suggestion that a meeting
(should) be held immediately. （同位语从句）
The doctor ordered that she (should)
stay in bed for a few days. （宾语从句）
It was ordered by the doctor that she
(should) stay in bed for a few days. （主语从句）
The doctor’s order was that she
(should) stay in bed for a few days. （表语从句）
The doctor’s order that she
(should) stay in bed for a few days was reasonable. （同位语从句）
用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。

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